practice test j3

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  1. According to a National Institute of Mental Health study
    • light television viewers are more trusting than heavy television viewers
    • heavy tv viewers are more fearful than light tv viewers
    • there is no direct correlation of viewing violence on tv with aggressive behavior
    • light TV viewers are more apprehensive than heavy TV viewers
    • children who watch children's programming, like SESAME STREET, may be more hyperactive
  2. In his book, NO SENSE OF PLACE, Joshua Meyorwitz concludes that
    • TV reinforces the innocence of childhood
    • TV confirms the differences between the sexes
    • TV helps people know their place in society
    • TV blurs the distinction between childhood and adulthood
    • all of the above
  3. Joseph McCarthy did all but which of the following
    • was eventually censured by his colleagues in the Senate
    • presided over the Army-McCarthy hearings
    • brought the Hollywood 10 before the House Committee on Un-American Activities
    • created the Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters
    • aggressively hunted communists in the US
  4. "who? says what? on which channel? to whom? with what effect?" is a communication model that was designed by
    • Hadley Cantril
    • David Potter
    • Harold Lasswell
    • Wilbur Schramm
    • Marshall McLuhan
  5. the two step flow of communication is
    • when people uncritically accept information from the media
    • from presidential candidates to the public
    • between TV advertisers and children
    • the transmittal of information from mass media to opinion leaders to friends
    • the connection between TV programs and aggressive behavior
  6. Getting a newspaper to write stories about a new toy is an example of
    • product public relations
    • crisis public relations
    • advertising
    • financial public relations
    • governmental public relations
  7. In the future, PR people must
    • incorporate new technologies
    • pay close attention to the media industries
    • be aware of changing demographics
    • expand overseas
    • all of the above
  8. Which of the following is NOT a defense against libel
    • privilege
    • the First Amendment
    • fair comment
    • truth
    • all of the above
  9. Carolyn Martindale's study of ethnic groups in THE NEW YORK TIMES indicates that
    • children see good ethnic role models on TV
    • the media reflect the nation's ethnic diversity well
    • children get racist ideas about people of different ethnic groups from the media
    • most non white groups are visible "only in glimpses" in the media
    • all of the above
  10. According to David M. Potter, in the book PEOPLE OF PLENTY, when does advertising being "to fulfill a really essential economic function"?
    • when potential supply outstrips demand
    • when demand exceeds supply
    • when producers can sell as much as they produce
    • in an economy of scarcity
    • none of the above
  11. After Congress held hearings on violent content in TV programming in 1993, cable operators and network broadcasters agreed:
    • to eliminate violent content from prime time TV
    • to develop violence ratings for TV programming
    • to have an independent monitor review programming for violent content
    • that government had no business interfering in programming matters
    • b and c
  12. After the Roth and Miller cases, determining obscenity is the responsibility of:
    • state censorship boards
    • local committees made up of distributors and exhibitors of sexually explicit material
    • local school boards
    • local courts
    • the US Supreme Court
  13. The Cantril study of media effects found that
    • most people uncritically accepted information from the media
    • media content should be strictly controlled
    • children were greatly influenced by the movies they saw
    • certain content should be regulated by state governments
    • better-educated people were less likely to believe what the media said
  14. Marshall McLuhan is best remembered for which concept?
    • The medium is the message
    • Children are greatly influenced by the movies they see
    • Most people uncritically accept information from the media
    • Advertising fulfills an economic function
    • TV is too violent
  15. Researcher Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann says the media discourage people from expressing views that disagree with the prevailing point of view. She calls this effect
    • the consensus factor
    • the magic bullet
    • pressure to conform
    • the spiral of silence
    • media antipathy
  16. The 1971 study of violence and TV (Television and Social Behavior) found that
    • there was no connection between TV programming and aggressive behavior
    • sex-role stereotyping was potentially more socially harmful than violence
    • TV violence affected some children who were already predisposed to violence
    • only two of the 10 prime time TV programs could be called "violent"
    • all of the above
  17. The nation's largest single employer of public information people is:
    • television networks
    • IBM
    • the Edison Electric Company
    • the federal government
    • AT&T
  18. Which medium, when its use became widespread, first prompted scholars to expand their study and analysis of the effects of media on society
    • newspapers
    • books
    • magazines
    • television
    • radio
  19. The Public Relations Society of America
    • counteracts negative foreign publicity about the US
    • designed a code of ethics for public relations professionals
    • is affiliated with the federal government
    • boycotted against a government imposed code of ethics
    • all of the above
  20. After studying the 1972 presidential race (THE UNSEEING EYE), researchers Thomas Patterson and Robert McClure concluded that political advertising on TV
    • has little effect on most people
    • is the least cost-effective method of reaching registered voters
    • could get voters to switch their support to another candidate
    • has more effect on issues than candidates do
    • all of the above
  21. Part of the rising cost of presidential campaigns is due to
    • the costs to debate other candidates on TV
    • the increased costs of TV advertising
    • whistlestop campaigns by train
    • the increased costs of newspaper advertising
    • all of the above
  22. Which of the following was not part of the "Declaration of Principles" published by Ivy Lee in 1906 on behalf of his public relations firm, Lee & Parker?
    • supplying news to the media
    • subjects of value and interest to the public
    • working openly, not secretly
    • supporting Christian principles
    • prompt and accurate information
  23. Which was the first major media effects study to find taht people with different personality characteristics interpreted media messages differently?
    • The Payne Fund Studies
    • Television and Social Behavior
    • The Lasswell Model study
    • The Cantril Study
    • THE PEOPLE'S CHOICE study
  24. An example of well-managed "crisis public relations" occurred during:
    • the introduction of Cabbage Patch Dolls in 1983
    • the placement of a two and a half story pair of tennis shoes on hotels
    • the Johnson and Johnson Company's effort after Tylenol was connected to poisoning deaths
    • the Nixon administration's effort to distance itself from the Watergate break-in
    • all of the above
  25. Which of the following was not an attempt by government to control free speech?
    • the recording industry's labels about controversial lyrics
    • the Smith Act of 1940
    • the Espionage Act of 1918
    • the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798
    • the 1940's and 1950's congressional investigations of communists
  26. the first publicity firms in the US were hired to
    • promote the federal government
    • encourage the passage of legislation favorable to Wall Street
    • specifically garner public support for US involvement in WWI
    • blunt public criticism of railroads and other industries
    • get favorable news coverage for politicians
  27. The media can invade privacy by
    • using someone's name or likeness for commercial benefit
    • placing someone in a false light
    • intruding on a person's physical or mental solitude
    • disclosing embarrassing personal facts
    • all of the above
  28. The theory that alleged that ideas from the media were in a direct causal relationship to behavior was called the
    • magic bullet theory
    • media behavior theory
    • theory of selective perception
    • limited effects theory
    • reinforcement theory
  29. The V-Chip and the Child Online Protection Act
    • allow government to restrict children's access to inappropriate material
    • require a mandatory ratings system for children's programs
    • allow parents to restrict children's access to inappropriate material
    • allow children unlimited access to TV and Internet services
    • all of the above
  30. THE PEOPLE'S CHOICE study
    • found that opinion leaders often provide and shape information for the general public
    • found that the media convinced a majority of voters to vote for one candidate over the other
    • was the first major study of the influence of media on local political elections
    • was a comprehensive examination of candidate behavior
    • all of the above
  31. The SHEPPARD v. MAXWELL case
    • involved tape dubbing and copyright violations
    • established the legal precedent for limiting press access to courtrooms
    • upheld the governments right to eminent domain
    • established the legal precedent of allowing cameras in the courtroom
    • all of the above
  32. Children who watch a lot of television, according to a 1981 California study:
    • are more likely to go to college than children who watch less TV
    • have lower scores on math, reading and writing tests
    • have lower IQs than children who watch less TV
    • have higher scores on math, reading, and writing tests
    • do the same on math, reading, and writing tests

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