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Koalas are iconic marsupials native to eastern and southeastern Australia, known for their stout, tailless bodies and large heads with fluffy ears and dark noses. Though often called "koala bears," they are not bears but are more closely related to wombats and kangaroos. Their thick, woolly fur offers protection from both high and low temperatures.Adapted for a life in the treetops, koalas have several unique features. Their paws possess two opposable thumbs on each forepaw, providing a strong grip for climbing eucalyptus trees. Additionally, their fused second and third toes on their hind feet act like a comb for grooming. They also have a thick, padded rump to make sitting in tree forks comfortable for extended periods.Koalas have a highly specialized diet consisting almost entirely of eucalyptus leaves, which are toxic and low in nutrients for most other animals. To survive on this limited energy source, koalas can sleep for up to 20 hours a day to conserve energy. The word"koala" is even derived from an Aboriginal word meaning "no drink," as they get most of their water from the leaves they consume.The population of koalas in Queensland, New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory was officially listed as endangered in 2022. They face severe threats from habitat destruction due to deforestation, climate change-fueled bushfires and droughts, as well as diseases like chlamydia. Conservation efforts are critical to protect this beloved Australian symbol.

However, the future of this beloved Australian symbol is critically threatened. In 2022, koala populations in Queensland, New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory were officially uplisted to "endangered". This decline is primarily driven by habitat loss and fragmentation caused by urban development, agriculture, and land clearing, which leaves koalas isolated and vulnerable. Climate change further intensifies these threats by increasing the frequency and severity of heatwaves, droughts, and bushfires, which can wipe out vast areas of koala habitat and food sources. In addition, koalas face health crises from diseases like chlamydia, which can lead to blindness and infertility, with stress from environmental changes exacerbating infection rates. Compounding these issues are direct human impacts such as vehicle collisions and dog attacks, particularly in areas where koala habitat intersects with urban development. Organizations like the Australian Koala Foundation and WWF-Australia are involved in monitoring koala numbers, restoring habitats, and advocating for stronger protections, but urgent action is needed to ensure their long-term survival.