Wolfie's Official Thread (finally)
- Locked due to inactivity on Aug 4, '16 4:34pm
Thread Topic: Wolfie's Official Thread (finally)
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like i said hard to explain without spoilers
but im 11 eps in and there's been drugs, gun shots, rape accusations and shiznit
and i dont typically like 'a lot' of drama but it works -
so a really intense brady bunch
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hola
how are things other than your show -
lol yes xD
also jake t austin is eye candy and also makes me laugh because i imagine wizards of waverly place and what if during the fosters he was all like "HOCUS POCUS" and stuff and i just laugh -
okay mostly :)
you? B) -
netflix + chocolate
just what the doctor ordered -
need this for history
A New Ship on an Uncertain Sea
In 1789, the new U.S. Constitution was launched, and population was doubling every twenty years.
Americas population was still 90% rural, with 5% west of the Appalachians.
Vermont became the 14th state in 1791, and Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio (states where trans-Appalachian overflow was concentrated) became states soon after.
Visitors looked down upon the crude, rough pioneers, and these western people were restive and dubiously loyal at best.
In the twelve years after American independence, laws had been broken and a constitution had been completely scrapped and replaced with a new one, something that was not best of government.
America was also heavily in debt, and paper money was worthless, but meanwhile, restless monarchs watched to see if the U.S. could succeed in setting up a republic while facing such overwhelming odds.
Washingtons Profederalist Regime
At 62, 175 pounds, broad and sloping shoulders, a strongly pointed chin and pockmarks from Smallpox, George Washington was an imposing figure, which helped in his getting unanimously drafted as president by the Electoral College in 1789.
His long journey from Mt. Vernon to New York (capital at the time) was a triumphant procession filled with cheering crowds and roaring festivities, and he took his oath of office on April 30, 1789, on a balcony overlooking Wall Street.
Washington established a diverse cabinet (which was not necessary, Constitution-wise).
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War: Henry Knox
The Bill of Rights
Many states had ratified the Constitution on the condition that there would be a Bill of Rights, and many antifederalists had criticized the Constitution for its lack of a Bill.
The necessary number of states adopted it in 1791.
Amendment I: Freedom of religion, speech or press, assembly, and petition.
Amendment II: Right to bear arms (for militia).
Amendment III: Soldiers cant be housed in civilian homes during peacetime.
Amendment IV: No unreasonable searches; all searches require warrants.
Amendment V: Right to refuse to speak during a civil trial; Double Jeopardy.
Amendment VI: Right to a speedy and public trial.
Amendment VII: Right to trial by jury when the sum exceeds $20.
Amendment VIII: No excessive bails and/or fines.
Amendment IX: Other rights not enumerated are also in effect.
Amendment X: Non-federal powers belong to the state.
The Judiciary Act o f 1789 created effective federal courts.
John Jay became the first chief justice of the United States.
Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit
Born in the British West Indies, his loyalty to the U.S. was often questioned, even though he claimed he loved his adopted country more than his native country.
He urged the federal government to assume its debts ($54 million) and try to pay them off at face value, PLUS interest, as well as assume the debts of the states ($21.5 million).
Massachusetts had a huge debt, but Virginia didnt, so there needed some haggling. This was because Virginia felt it unfair that all debts were to be assumed, instead of just a set amount. Essentially, its rival states would be at the same level as it even though they had obtained larger debts.
Virginia would have the District of Columbia built on its land (therefore gaining prestige) in return for letting the government assume all the states debts.
The Funding at Par would gain the support of the rich to the federal government, not the states.
Customs Duties and Excise Taxes.
With the national debt at a huge $75 million, Alexander Hamilton was strangely unworried.
He used the debt as an asset: the more people the government owed money to, the more people who would care about what would happen to the U.S.
To pay off some of the debt, Hamilton first proposed custom duties, and the first one, imposing a low tariff of about 8% of the value of dutiable imports, was passed in 1789.
Hamilton also wanted to protect Americas infant industries, though since the U.S. was still dominated by agricultural programs, little was done for that.
In 1791, Hamilton secured an excise tax on a few domestic items, notably whiskey (7 cents per gallon).
. Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank
Hamilton proposed for a national treasury, to be a private institution modeled after the Bank of England, to have the federal government as a major stockholder, to circulate cash to stimulate businesses, to store excess money, and to print money that was worth something, and was opposed by Jefferson.
Hamiltons Views:
What was not forbidden in the Constitution was permitted.
A bank was necessary and proper (from Constitution).
He evolved the Elastic Clause.
Jeffersons Views:
What was not permitted was forbidden.
A bank should be a state controlled item (9th Amendment).
The Constitution should be interpreted literally and strictly.
End result: Hamilton won, and Washington reluctantly signed the bank measure into law; the Bank of the Untied States was created by Congress in 1791, and was chartered for 20 years.
It was located in Philadelphia and was to have a capital of $10 million.
Stock was thrown open to public sale, and surprisingly, a milling crowd oversubscribed in two hours.
Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania
In 1794, in western Pennsylvania, the Whiskey Rebellion flared up when fed up farmers revolted against Hamiltons excise tax.
Around those parts, liquor and alcohol was often used as money.
Washington cautiously sent an army of about 13,000 troops from various states to the revolt, but the soldiers found nothing upon arrival; the rebels had scattered.
Washingtons new presidency now commanded new respect, but antifederalists criticized the governments use of a giant to crush a gnat.
The Emergence of Political Parties
Hamiltons policies (national bank, suppression of Whiskey Rebellion, excise tax) had seemed to encroach on states rights.
As resentment grew, what was once a personal rivalry between Hamilton and Jefferson gradually evolved into two political parties.
The Founding Fathers had not envisioned various political parties (Whigs and Federalists and Tories, etc had existed but they had been groups, not parties).
Since 1825, the two-party system has helped strengthen the U.S. government, helping balance power and ensuring no huge deviation from the norm.
The Impact of the French Revolution
Near the end of Washingtons first term, in 1793, two parties had evolved: the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and the Hamiltonian Federalists.
However, the French Revolution greatly affected America.
At first, people were overjoyed, since the first stages of the revolution were not unlike Americas dethroning of Britain. Only a few ultraconservative Federalists were upset at this mobocracy and revolt.
When the French declared war on Austria, then threw back the Austrian armies and then proclaimed itself a republic people sang The Marseillaise and other French revolutionary songs, and renamed various streets and places.
After the revolution turned radical and bloody, the Federalists rapidly changed opinions and looked nervously at the Jeffersonians, who felt that no revolution could be carried out without a little bloodshed.
Still, neither group completely approved.
America was sucked into the revolution when France declared war on Great Britain and the battle for North American land beganagain.
Washingtons Neutrality Proclamation
With war came the call by the JDRs (Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans) to enter on the side of France, the recent friend, against Britain, the recent enemy.
However, Washington knew that war could mean disaster and disintegration, since the nation in 1793 was militarily and economically weak and politically disunited.
In 1793, he issued the Neutrality Proclamation, proclaiming the U.S.s official neutrality and warning Americans to stay out of the issue and b -
be impartial.
JDRs were incensed, as this controversial statement irked both sides.
Soon afterwards, Citizen Edmond Gent, landed at Charleston, South Carolina, as representative to the U.S.
On his trip to Philadelphia, he had been cheered rousingly by Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans, who supported France, and he came to wrongly believe that Washingtons Neutrality Proclamation didnt truly reflect the feelings of Americans.
Also, he equipped privateers to plunder British ships and to invade Spanish Florida and British Canada.
He even went as far as to threaten to appeal over the head of Washington to the sovereign voters, and afterwards, he was basically kicked out of the USA.
Actually, Americas neutrality helped France, since only in that way could France get needed American foodstuffs.
The U.S. didnt have to honor its alliance from the Treaty of 1778 because France didnt call on it to do so.
Embroilments with Britain
Britain still had many posts in the frontier, and supplied the Indians with weapons.
The Treaty of Greenville, in 1795, had the Indians cede their vast tract in the Ohio country to Americans after General Mad Anthony Wayne crushed them at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794.
Ignoring Americas neutrality, British commanders of the Royal Navy seized about 300 American merchant ships and impressed scores of seamen into their army.
Many JDRs cried for war with Britain, or at least an embargo, but Washington refused, knowing that such drastic action would destroy the Hamilton financial system.
Jays Treaty and Washingtons Farewell
In a last-ditch attempt to avert war Washington sent John Jay to England to work something out.
However, his negotiations were sabotaged by Hamilton, who secretly gave the Brits the details of Americas bargaining strategy.
The results werent pretty:
Britain would repay the lost money from recent merchant ship seizures, but it said nothing about future seizures, impressments, and Indians arms supplying.
America would have to pay off its pre-Revolutionary War debts to Britain.
Result: the JDRs from the South were INCENSEND and pissed, as the southern farmers would have to pay while the northern merchants would be paid.
At this time, the Pinckney Treaty of 1795 with Spain gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the large disputed territory north of Florida.
After his second term, Washington stepped down, creating a strong two-term precedent that wasnt broken until FDR was prez.
His Farewell Address warned against binding, permanent alliances, and talked about other stuff.
Washington had set the U.S. on its feet and had made it sturdy. -
well
my history
teacher
does not like me -
That's the teacher's fault, not yours. Why should the student get accused?
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she doesnt like that i am scared to participate in her class
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Oh. I have that feeling sometimes. Get self-conscious that I might present the wrong answer and students laugh at me.
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SAMEEE
only in her class and bio
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