Research Methods

Research Methods in Kinesiology Procedures utilized to design and conduct research in kinesiology. Topics covered include research design, ethics in research, information retreival, and presenting results.

This a hands on experience in quizing your research methods understanding. Good luck, hopefully you'll pass!! In just a few minutes you'll find out how much you really know!

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1. Choose the true statement about independent variables
they are manipulated
they are measured
there can only be one level for an independent variable
there must always be three or more levels
a and b
b and c
2. Which of the following is the weakest experimental design for investigating the effects of exercise on body composition?
two group independent groups design
one group post test design
two group pretest and post-test design
control group and two treatment groups independent groups design
3. When are qualitative methods generally used?
primarily in repeated measures design
primarily in social sciences and humanities
a and c
none of the above
all of the above
4. What is an example of descriptive research designed to gather information on habits, opinios, or attitudes?
surveys and public opinion polls
written reports
poster reports
b and c
all of the above
5. Which is not one of the four general categories for nonsampling errors?
processing errors
missing data errors
response errors
detailed analysis errors
data collcetion methods errors
6. What is the goal of any sampling strategy?
to represent middle ground between a presentation and a written report
to use animals to describe human behaviour
to study the same subjects over a period of time
to achieve low bias and high precision
none of the above
7. Which are possible threats to a repeated measures design?
fatigue effects
practice effects
demand characteristics
a and b
a and c
all of the above
8. Which of these provides an efficient way of presenting findings and an opportunity for casual interaction?
written reports
poster presentations
presentations
b and c
none of the above
all of the above
9. How many independent variables are there in a 2 X 3 X 4 experimental design?
24
1
5
2
3
6
10. "Drawing names from a hat" to get subjects for a study is an example of:
counterbalancing
independent groups design
matched random assignment
order effects
simlpe random assignment
none of the above
11. __________ refers to how well the study results generalize to the overall population:
external validity
internal validity
content validity
face validity
internal reliability
12. Assume this formula has been entered in A1: =IF(3*2>7,"cat",IF(2*2=4, "dog","mouse")) The resulting formula will be:
6
#Error
#Value
dog
mouse
cat
13. The insert function icon can be used to:
add previously copied material into selected cell(s)
create a graph or chart
determine standard deviation for selected data
a and b
a and c
all of the above
14. When is an informed consent document not needed?
when observing a public event
when observing a private event
when research is privately funded
none of the above
15. The 2 purposes in experiments are to help answer a research question and ___________:
to gain knowledge
just for fun
because it's funded
to control for possible alternate explanations
all of the above
16. The success of a study depends on:
timing of measurements of dependent variable
ability to manipulate independent variable
ability to control extraneous variables
random assignment
a and d
all of the above
17. Which of these is an example of an intervening variable?
fear
motivation
gender
age
a and b
none of the above
18. What is the primary goal when writing survey questions?
to word the questions so they have different meanings for all subjects
to make them as unclear as possible
to word the questions so they have the same meaning for all subjects
a and b
all of the above
none of the above
19. What is an advantage of open questions?
responses can be coded, entered into a computer and analyzed
responses are shallow
easiest to analyze
opportunity for respondent to give personalized answers
20. What form of research is a case study an example of?
quantitative
qualitative
cross-sectional
biased
none of the above
21. What does epidemiological research deal with?
study of incidence and distribution of disease in a population
study and distribution of hair loss in a population
study and distribution of groups rather than individuals
a and c
a and b
all of the above
22. What are the functions of theories?
help organize info and facts
to make predictions that provide basis for new research
to demonstrate accurate predictions
a and b
a and c
b and c
23. What are scientific axioms?
absolute knowledge
practical problems
OR, AND, NOT
principles or assumptions that govern foundation of knowledge
24. A quantitative approach for analyzing the conclusions drawn from a large number of empirical studies is known as:
correlation and causation
meta-analysis
historical research
two-tailed test
none of the above
25. The principle that the simpler of two equally acceptable explanations is preferable is known as:
order effect
variability
subjective rating
theory
parameter
parsimony
26. Variables measured in an experiment, sometimes called outcome variables are:
control variables
independent variables
confounding variables
dependent variables
27. What is experimental design?
helps organize, conduct and complete projects
provide the detail and explanations of various methodologies used by researchers
divide subject selection and assignment procedures
select appropriate statistical analysis tests
all of the above
none of the above
28. ___________ neutralizes the potential order effects in a repeated measures design by exposing subjects to different treatment orders or testing conditions.
counterbalancing
internal validity
presentations
order effects
29. What is the most important reason for using a 2 X 2 factorial design instead of two separate experiments with one independent variable in each?
to use resources efficiently
to test for main effects
to test for interactions
there is no good reason: separate experiments are preferred
30. What is the purpose of a literature review?
to understand boolean operators
to reference journal articles
to present summary of findings from a previously published research relevant to the question
none of the above
31. The chance of subjects altering their behaviour as a result of experimental knowledge is known as:
latin squares
indexes
control variables
demand characteristics
a and b
a and d
32. What is ethnography?
research that incorporates a sytematic observation strategy and a depthness of insight and understanding into what is being observed
work that through great attention to detail focuses on identification of persons, places and events
interest in women's topics
interest in ethnical topics
33. What is the goal of experimental research?
to describe and record naturally occuring events
to make predictions that provide basis for new research
to explore fundamental principles
to explore and understand cause and effect
all of the above
34. "Knowledge is not absolute and is always changing" is an example of:
parsimony
caution
scientific axioms
observations
scepticism
amorality
35. A sample method in which groups of connected individuals are slected for the purpose of serving as subjects in a study is known as:
random sampling
cluster sampling
block randomization
cross-sectional design
all of the above

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